Search results for "ISM [X-rays]"
showing 10 items of 1406 documents
An Intronic cis-Regulatory Element Is Crucial for the Alpha Tubulin Pl-Tuba1a Gene Activation in the Ciliary Band and Animal Pole Neurogenic Domains …
2017
In sea urchin development, structures derived from neurogenic territory control the swimming and feeding responses of the pluteus as well as the process of metamorphosis. We have previously isolated an alpha tubulin family member of Paracentrotus lividus (Pl-Tuba1a, formerly known as Pl-Talpha2) that is specifically expressed in the ciliary band and animal pole neurogenic domains of the sea urchin embryo. In order to identify cis-regulatory elements controlling its spatio-temporal expression, we conducted gene transfer experiments, transgene deletions and site specific mutagenesis. Thus, a genomic region of about 2.6 Kb of Pl-Tuba1a, containing four Interspecifically Conserved Regions (ICRs…
Diversification of spatiotemporal expression and copy number variation of the echinoid hbox12/pmar1/micro1 multigene family
2017
Changes occurring during evolution in the cis-regulatory landscapes of individual members of multigene families might impart diversification in their spatiotemporal expression and function. The archetypal member of the echinoid hbox12/pmar1/micro1 family is hbox12-a, a homeobox-containing gene expressed exclusively by dorsal blastomeres, where it governs the dorsal/ventral gene regulatory network during embryogenesis of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Here we describe the inventory of the hbox12/pmar1/micro1 genes in P. lividus, highlighting that gene copy number variation occurs across individual sea urchins of the same species. We show that the various hbox12/pmar1/micro1 genes grou…
Autism is a prenatal disorder: Evidence from late gestation brain overgrowth
2018
This retrospective study aimed to specify the critical period for atypical brain development in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using prenatal and postnatal head growth parameters. The sample consisted of 80 Caucasian, unrelated, idiopathic patients with ASD born after 1995. Fetal ultrasound parameters (head circumference [HC], abdominal circumference, and femur length) were obtained during the second and third trimesters of gestation. HC at birth and postnatal parameters at 12 and 24 months of age were also collected. Head overgrowth, assessed by HC, was highlighted during the second (20-26 weeks of amenorrhea) and third (28-36 weeks of amenorrhea) trimesters. Normal growth…
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli sequence type 131 H30-R and H30-Rx subclones in retail chicken meat, Italy
2016
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131), typically fluoroquinolone-resistant (FQ-R) and/or extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing, has emerged globally. Among clinical isolates, ST131, primarily its H30-R and H30-Rx subclones, accounts for most antimicrobial-resistant E. coli and is the dominant E. coli strain worldwide. We assessed its prevalence and characteristics among raw chicken meat samples on sale in Palermo, Italy. A collection of 237 fluoroquinolone resistant and ESBL/AmpC producing E. coli isolates, which had been isolated from processed retail chicken meat in the period May 2013-April 2015, was analyzed. Established polymerase chain reaction…
Enhancement in Phospholipase D Activity as a New Proposed Molecular Mechanism of Haloperidol-Induced Neurotoxicity
2020
Membrane phospholipase D (PLD) is associated with numerous neuronal functions, such as axonal growth, synaptogenesis, formation of secretory vesicles, neurodegeneration, and apoptosis. PLD acts mainly on phosphatidylcholine, from which phosphatidic acid (PA) and choline are formed. In turn, PA is a key element of the PLD-dependent secondary messenger system. Changes in PLD activity are associated with the mechanism of action of olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of short-term administration of the first-generation antipsychotic drugs haloperidol, chlorpromazine, and fluphenazine on membrane PLD activity in the rat brain. Animals were…
Anthranilamide-based 2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamides, 1,1'-biphenyl-4-carboxamides and 1,1'-biphenyl-2-carboxamides: Synthesis biological evaluat…
2017
Abstract Several anthranilamide-based 2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamides 13a-f, 1,1’-biphenyl-4-carboxamides 14a-f and 1,1’-biphenyl-2-carboxamides 17a-f were obtained by a multistep procedure starting from the (1S,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carbonyl chloride 11, the 1,1'-biphenyl-4-carbonyl chloride 12 or the 1,1'-biphenyl-2-carbonyl chloride 16 with the appropriate anthranilamide derivative 10a-f. Derivatives 13a-f, 14a-f and 17a-f showed antiproliferative activity against human leukemia K562 cells. Among these derivatives 13b, 14b and 17b exerted a particular cytotoxic effect on tumor cells. Derivative 17b showed a better antitumoral effect on K562 cells than 13b and 14b. Analyses perfo…
Use of deep learning methods to translate drug-induced gene expression changes from rat to human primary hepatocytes
2020
In clinical trials, animal and cell line models are often used to evaluate the potential toxic effects of a novel compound or candidate drug before progressing to human trials. However, relating the results of animal and in vitro model exposures to relevant clinical outcomes in the human in vivo system still proves challenging, relying on often putative orthologs. In recent years, multiple studies have demonstrated that the repeated dose rodent bioassay, the current gold standard in the field, lacks sufficient sensitivity and specificity in predicting toxic effects of pharmaceuticals in humans. In this study, we evaluate the potential of deep learning techniques to translate the pattern of …
Structure-Activity Relationships of Cytotoxic Lactones as Inhibitors and Mechanisms of Action.
2020
Background: Some lactones prevent protein Myb-dependent gene expression. Objective: The object is to calculate inhibitors of Myb-brought genetic manifestation. Methods: Linear quantitative structure–potency relations result expanded, among sesquiterpene lactones of a variety of macrocycles (pseudoguaianolides, guaianolides, eudesmanolides and germacranolides), to establish which part of the molecule constitutes their pharmacophore, and predict their inhibitory potency on Myb-reliant genetic manifestation, which may result helpful as leads for antileukaemic therapies with a new mechanism of action. Results: Several count indices are connected with structure–activity. The α-methylene-γ-lacto…
Cardiac regenerative capacity is age- and disease-dependent in childhood heart disease
2018
Objective We sought to define the intrinsic stem cell capacity in pediatric heart lesions, and the effects of diagnosis and of age, in order to inform evidence-based use of potential autologous stem cell sources for regenerative medicine therapy. Methods Ventricular explants derived from patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), tetralogy of Fallot (TF), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and ventricular septal defect (VSD) were analyzed following standard in vitro culture conditions, which yielded cardiospheres (C-spheres), indicative of endogenous stem cell capacity. C-sphere counts generated per 5 mm3 tissue explant and the presence of cardiac progenitor cells were correlated to pa…
Shank3 Mice Carrying the Human Q321R Mutation Display Enhanced Self-Grooming, Abnormal Electroencephalogram Patterns, and Suppressed Neuronal Excitab…
2019
Shank3, a postsynaptic scaffolding protein involved in regulating excitatory synapse assembly and function, has been implicated in several brain disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD), Phelan-McDermid syndrome, schizophrenia, intellectual disability, and mania. Here we generated and characterized a Shank3 knock-in mouse line carrying the Q321R mutation (Shank3Q321R mice) identified in a human individual with ASD that affects the ankyrin repeat region (ARR) domain of the Shank3 protein. Homozygous Shank3Q321R/Q321R mice show a selective decrease in the level of Shank3a, an ARR-containing protein variant, but not other variants. CA1 pyramidal neurons in the Shank3Q321R/Q321R hip…